変な処理があれば修正してください。

*ループ1 [#a13940a0]
[[問題文>練習問題#eb2c4338]]
 times 0 action = return ()
 times n action = action >> times (n-1) action
 
 main = do
     5 `times` putStrLn "Hello World!"
別解
 main = putStr $ "おっぱい!" >> "Hello World!\n"

*ループ2 [#ob0d5bdb]
[[問題文>練習問題#eb2c4338]]
 import System.Environment
 
 times 0 action = return ()
 times n action = action >> times (n-1) action
 
 main = do
     x <- getArgs
     (read (x !! 0)) `times` putStrLn "Hello World!"
回数も表示
 import System.Environment
 import Control.Monad
  
 main :: IO ()
 main = fmap (read . head) getArgs >>= \n -> forM_ [1..n] $ putStrLn . ("Hello World! "++) . show

*FizzBuzz [#f4c6d1f7]
[[問題文>練習問題#t52e5a48]]
 main = do
     mapM_ putStrLn (map fizzBuzz [1..100])
 
 fizzBuzz :: Integer -> String
 fizzBuzz n
     | n `mod` 15 == 0 = "FizzBuzz"
     | n `mod`  5 == 0 = "Buzz"
     | n `mod`  3 == 0 = "Fizz"
     | otherwise       = show n
別解
 fizzbuzz :: [String]
 fizzbuzz = zipWith3 f [1..] fizz buzz
     where
       f i x y = if null x && null y then show i else x ++ y
       fizz = cycle ["", "", "Fizz"]
       buzz = cycle ["", "", "", "", "Buzz"]
  
 fizzbuzz' :: [String]
 fizzbuzz' = map f [1..]
     where
       f i = let x = g i in if null x then show i else x
       g x = concat [ s | (i, s) <- [(3, "Fizz"), (5, "Buzz")], mod x i == 0 ]
  
 main :: IO ()
 main = mapM_ putStrLn $ take 30 fizzbuzz

*素数列挙 [#ld4986f8]
[[問題文>練習問題#o8db2119]]
 primesTo m = 2 : sieve [3, 5..m] where
     sieve [] = []
     sieve (p:xs) = p : sieve (xs `minus` [p*p, p*p+2*p..m])
 
 minus (x:xs) (y:ys) = case (compare x y) of
     LT -> x : minus xs (y:ys)
     EQ ->     minus xs ys
     GT ->     minus (x:xs) ys
 minus xs _ = xs
 
 main = do
     print $ primesTo (floor 1e6)

*うるう年判定 [#rc63b4a5]
[[問題文>練習問題#i0d67516]]
 isleap :: Integer -> Bool
 isleap y
     | y `mod` 400 == 0 = True
     | y `mod` 100 == 0 = False
     | y `mod`   4 == 0 = True
     | otherwise        = False
 
 main = do
     putStrLn "西暦を入力してください"
     x <- getLine
     putStrLn (x ++ "年はうるう年" ++ if isleap(read(x)) then "です" else "ではありません" )

*フィボナッチ数列 [#mf294cb0]
[[問題文>練習問題#p59f794f]]
 import System.Environment
 
 fibo = 0 : 1 : zipWith (+) fibo (tail fibo)
 
 main = do
     x <- getArgs
     putStrLn (show (fibo !! read (x !! 0)))

*累乗1 [#b0e3fd20]
[[問題文>練習問題#x6e30de3]]
 pow :: Integer -> Integer -> Integer
 pow _ 0 = 1
 pow 0 _ = 0
 pow a b = a * pow a (b-1)
 
 main = do
     putStrLn (show (pow 2 10))

*累乗2 [#w1eaeb0e]
[[問題文>練習問題#x6e30de3]]
 pow :: Integer -> Integer -> Integer
 pow 0 _ = 0
 pow _ 0 = 1
 pow a b = pow' 1 a b
     where
     pow' x a 0 = x
     pow' x a b
         | even b = pow' x (a*a) (div b 2)
         | otherwise = pow' (x*a) a (b-1)
 
 main = do
     putStrLn (show (pow 2 1000007))

*クイックソート [#w101147e]
[[問題文>練習問題(アルゴリズム編)#q8e0119e]]
 quicksort :: (Ord a) => [a] -> [a]
 quicksort [] = []
 quicksort (x:xs) =
     let smallerSorted = quicksort[a | a<-xs, a <= x]
         biggerSorted  = quicksort[a | a<-xs, a >  x]
      in smallerSorted ++ [x] ++ biggerSorted
 
 main :: IO()
 main = print $ quicksort [5, 7, 9, 2, 1, 3, 8, 4, 6, 0]

*世界のナベアツ問題 [#p9107c97]
[[問題文>練習問題#t52a5a48]]
 nabeatsu :: Integer -> String
 nabeatsu x = if mod x 3 == 0 || elem '3' s then "Aho" else s where s = show x
 
 main :: IO ()
 main = putStrLn . unwords $ map nabeatsu [1..100]

*Caesar暗号解読 [#v9844940]
[[問題文>練習問題#h54a0395]]
 import Data.List (isInfixOf)
  
 next :: String -> Char -> Char
 next (x:xs) = \c -> if x == c then head xs else next xs c
 next _ = id
  
 analyze :: String -> String
 analyze = head . filter (isInfixOf keyword) . iterate (map $ next chars)
     where chars   = "-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz .,-"
           keyword = "person"
  
 main :: IO ()
 main =  putStrLn $ analyze encoded
     where encoded = "qdq-gi.q-a ziatmxxitmdqibtqi-ustbi ri.qmoqrcxi.qbubu zir -ibtq\
                     \i-qp-qaai ripmymsqkir -ibtqi-qy dmxi ri.cnxuoi rruoumxakir -ib\
                     \tqiqzmobyqzbkii-q.qmxi -imyqzpyqzbi rixmeaki -puzmzoqai -i-qsc\
                     \xmbu zaimzpir -i btq-iymbbq-a;iz -iatmxximzgi.q-a zinqiuzimzgi\
                     \emgipuao-uyuzmbqpimsmuzabir -ia. za -uzsiacotiimi.qbubu zj"

*数当てゲーム [#u56f4eea]
[[問題文>練習問題#d082e883]]
 import System.IO
 import System.Random
 import Control.Monad
  
 game :: Int -> IO ()
 game x = do
     us <- getLine
     case reads us of
         [(u, _)] -> when (x /= u) $ do
             putStrLn . ("too "++) . (++"!") $ if x < u then "big" else "small"
             game x
         _ -> putStrLn "invalid input!" >> game x
  
 main :: IO ()
 main = do hSetBuffering stdout NoBuffering
           putStrLn "input a number!"
           getStdGen >>= game . fst . randomR (1,100)
           putStrLn "right!"

*配列いじり [#l6e6adf8]
[[問題文>練習問題#w5561ad6]]
 tailZero :: (Num a) => [a] -> [a]
 tailZero = zipWith (*) (1 : repeat 0)
  
 main :: IO ()
 main = print $ tailZero [3,5,2,4,2]

*シェルピンスキーのギャスケット [#r0c059cc]
[[問題文>練習問題#w9c362ad]]
 import Control.Applicative
  
 pascal :: [[Integer]]
 pascal = [1] : map (zipWith (+) <$> ([0] ++) <*> (++ [0])) pascal
  
 sierpinski :: Int -> String
 sierpinski = unlines . map (map draw) . flip take pascal
     where draw x = if odd x then '*' else ' '
  
 main :: IO ()
 main = putStr $ sierpinski 32

*カレンダー出力 [#j1958644]
[[問題文>練習問題#i5e3e061]]
 import System.Environment
  
 ff :: Int -> Int -> Int
 ff y m
     | m < 3 = ff (y-1) (m+12)
     | otherwise = 365*y + (y`div`4) - (y`div`100) + (y`div`400) + ((306*(m+1))`div`10) - 428 + 1
  
 calendar :: Int -> Int -> String
 calendar y m
     | y < 1 || m < 1 || 12 < m = error "calendar"
     | otherwise = unlines . ("Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa":) . split7 $ map toStr calList
     where calList   = [1 - (ff y m) `mod` 7 .. ff y (m+1) - ff y m]
           toStr x   = if 0 < x  then sp x $ show x else "  "
           sp x      = if x < 10 then (' ':) else id
           split7 [] = []
           split7 xs = let (as, bs) = splitAt 7 xs in unwords as : split7 bs
  
 main :: IO ()
 main = fmap (map read) getArgs >>= \[y,m] -> putStr $ calendar y m

*ハノイの塔 [#y79a264b]
[[問題文>練習問題#cce62ade]]
 import System.Environment
  
 hanoi :: Integer -> a -> a -> a -> [(a, a)]
 hanoi 0 _ _ _ = []
 hanoi n a b c = hanoi (n-1) a c b ++ [(a,b)] ++ hanoi (n-1) c b a
  
 main :: IO ()
 main = do
     [x] <- fmap (map read) getArgs
     let f = \(i,(a,b)) -> putStrLn $ show i ++ ": " ++ a ++ "->" ++ b
     mapM_ f . zip [1..] $ hanoi x "A" "B" "C"

*転置行列 [#b483a0f8]
[[問題文>練習問題#q9f27a17]]
 import Data.List (transpose)
 
*英単語しりとりプログラム [#d52f1308]
[[問題文>練習問題#x38ec247]]
 import System.IO
 import System.Random
 import Control.Monad
 import qualified Data.Set as S
 import qualified Data.Map as M
  
 type User    = Bool
 type Initial = Char
 type Dict    = S.Set String
 type Used    = M.Map String (Int, User)
  
 game :: User -> Initial -> Dict -> Used -> IO ()
 game user c dic used = do
     word <- if user then userInput c dic else randomSelect c dic used
     case word of
         [] -> putStrLn $ winMsg usedSize
         _  -> case M.lookup word used of
             Just (n, u) -> putStrLn $ loseMsg n u usedSize
             Nothing     -> game (not user) (last word) dic $ M.insert word (usedSize + 1, user) used
     where usedSize = M.size used
           winMsg n = "S: まいりました!あなたの勝ちです。今回のしりとりでは "
                      ++ show n ++ " 個の単語を使用しました。"
           loseMsg n u m = "S: その言葉は " ++ show n ++ " 回目に "
                           ++ (if u then "あなた" else "わたし") ++ " が使用しています。わたしの勝ちです。\
                           \今回のしりとりでは " ++ show m ++ " 個の単語を使用しました。"
  
 userInput :: Initial -> Dict -> IO String
 userInput c dic = do
     putStr "U: "
     s <- getLine
     if not (null s) && head s /= c
         then putStrLn ("S: " ++ [c] ++ "から初めてください") >> userInput c dic
         else if S.member s dic
                  then return s
                  else putStrLn "S: 辞書に存在しない単語です。" >> userInput c dic
  
 randomSelect :: Initial -> Dict -> Used -> IO String
 randomSelect c dic used = do
     gen <- getStdGen
     newStdGen
     let sub  = S.filter (\x -> head x == c && M.notMember x used) dic
         idx  = fst $ randomR (0, S.size sub - 1) gen
         word = if S.null sub then [] else S.toList sub !! idx
     when (word /= []) . putStrLn $ "S: " ++ word
     return word
  
 start :: IO ()
 start = do
     gen <- getStdGen
     content <- readFile "word.dic"
     let user = fst $ random gen
         inic = fst $ randomR ('a','z') gen
         dic  = S.fromList $ lines content
     when user . putStrLn $ "S: " ++ [inic] ++ "から初めてください"
     game user inic dic M.empty
  
 main :: IO ()
 main = hSetBuffering stdout NoBuffering >> hSetEncoding stdout utf8 >> start

*線形合同法 [#r62dac48]
[[問題文>練習問題#pc7a3f04]]
 import Data.Ratio
 
 lcgs :: Integral a => a -> a -> a -> a -> [a]
 lcgs a b m x | not st    = error "lcgs"
              | otherwise = x' : lcgs a b m x'
     where st = m > a && m > b && a > 0 && b >= 0
           x' = (a * x + b) `mod` m 
 
 main :: IO ()
 main = mapM_ (print . fromRational) xs >> putStr "avg = " >> print (fromRational avg)
     where a = 997; b = 1; m = 65536; x = 12345; n = 100
           xs  = take n . map (% m) $ lcgs a b m x
           avg = sum xs / fromIntegral n

*配列から大きい要素とその添字を求めるプログラム [#vaeff67a]
[[問題文>練習問題#u170a96a]]
 import Data.List (sortBy)
 import Data.Function (on)
 
 topThree :: [Int] -> [(Int,Int)]
 topThree = take 3 . reverse . sortBy (on compare snd) . zip [0..]
 
 main :: IO ()
 main = mapM_ (putStrLn . f) . topThree $ [12,6,8,3,10,1,0,9]
     where f = \(i,x) -> show i ++ " -> " ++ show x

*迷路を解くプログラム [#vf7037b3]
[[問題文>練習問題#d4135691]]
 -- 参考ページ
 -- Programming Praxis – Dijkstra’s Algorithm | Bonsai Code
 -- <http://bonsaicode.wordpress.com/2011/01/04/programming-praxis-dijkstra%E2%80%99s-algorithm/>
  
 import Control.Monad (replicateM)
 import Data.Function (on)
 import Data.List (delete, minimumBy)
 import Data.Map ((!), fromList, fromListWith, adjust, keys, Map)
  
 type Pos  = Int
 type Cost = Int
  
 dijkstra :: Pos -> Map Pos [(Pos, Cost)] -> Map Pos (Cost, Maybe Pos)
 dijkstra source graph = let vs = keys graph in
     f (fromList [(v, (if v == source then 0 else maxBound, Nothing)) | v <- vs]) vs
     where f ds [] = ds
           f ds q  = f (foldr relax ds $ graph ! m) (delete m q)
               where m = minimumBy (on compare (ds!)) q
                     relax (e,d) = adjust (min (fst (ds ! m) + d, Just m)) e
  
 build :: [Pos] -> Map Pos [(Pos, Cost)]
 build = fromListWith (++) . map f
     where f r = let next = filter (\x -> 0 < x && x < 99) $ map (r+) [-1,1,-10,10]
                 in  (r, zip next $ repeat 1)
  
 shortestPath :: Pos -> Pos -> Map Pos [(Pos, Cost)] -> [Pos]
 shortestPath from to graph = f to
     where f x = x : maybe [] f (snd $ dijkstra from graph ! x)
  
 answer :: String -> String
 answer mazeLine = drawPath
     where maze         = zip [0..] mazeLine
           road         = foldr (\(i,c) a -> if c == ' ' then i : a else a) [] maze
           [start,goal] = filter wall road
               where wall i = (0 < i && i < 9) || (90 < i && i < 99) || (elem i $ [0,10..90] ++ [9,19..99])
           path         = shortestPath start goal $ build road
           drawPath     = map (\(i,c) -> if elem i path then '+' else c) maze
  
 main :: IO ()
 main = mapM_ putStrLn . split10 . answer . concat =<< replicateM 10 getLine
     where split10 [] = []
           split10 xs = let (as, bs) = splitAt 10 xs in as : split10 bs

*クリティカルパス [#r67a0c46]
[[問題文>練習問題#o006da2d]]
 import Control.Arrow
 import Control.Monad
 import Data.Function (on)
 import Data.List (sortBy, intercalate, groupBy)
 import qualified Data.Map as M
  
 paths :: (Num c, Ord k) => M.Map k [(k, c)] -> ([k], c) -> [([k], c)]
 paths graph path@(nodes, cost) =
     maybe [path] (>>= paths graph . ((:nodes) *** (+cost))) $ M.lookup (head nodes) graph
  
 criticalPaths :: [(a, Int)] -> [(a, Int)]
 criticalPaths = last . groupBy (on (==) snd) . sortBy (on compare snd)
  
 main :: IO ()
 main = do
     [_, link] <- fmap (map read . words) getLine
     input     <- replicateM link getLine
     let buildGraph = M.fromListWith (++) . map ((\[[s],[t],c] -> (s, [(t, read c)])) . words)
         f (path, cost) = (intercalate " -> " . map (:"") $ reverse path) ++ "\n" ++ show cost
     mapM_ (putStrLn . f) . criticalPaths $ paths (buildGraph input) ("A", 0)

*ひらがな2文字をランダムで出力するプログラム [#l32d6dde]
[[問題文>練習問題#s98f80e0]]
 import System.IO
 import System.Random
  
 main :: IO ()
 main = hSetEncoding stdout utf8 >> getStdGen >>= putStrLn . take 2 . randomRs ('あ', 'ん')

*平方根を求めてみる [#nc756426]
[[問題文>練習問題#y8402045]]
 import Control.Arrow
  
 sqrt' :: Fractional a => a -> a
 sqrt' = snd . (!!111) . iterate (fst &&& (/2) . uncurry(+) . (snd &&& uncurry(/))) <<< id &&& id
  
 main = print $ sqrt' 3

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